Israel says its war can both destroy Hamas and rescue captives. Their families are less certain

The Israeli military has sought to assure the public it can achieve the two goals of its war on Hamas simultaneously — toppling the strip's militant rulers and rescuing some 230 captives taken from Israel.

But as the army ramps up airstrikes and ground incursions on the blockaded enclave, laying waste to entire neighborhoods in preparation for a broader invasion, the anguished families of captives are growing increasingly worried those aims will collide — with devastating consequences.

Annihilating Hamas would seem to require a ground operation of unprecedented intensity fraught with the risk of harming Israeli captives. Saving captives stuck inside Gaza would appear to require engagement with Hamas, the group that forever traumatized Israel when it sent fighters into its south where they reportedly killed hundreds and took dozens captive on Oct. 7, sparking this latest war between the bitter enemies. Over 7,700 Palestinians have been killed in the Israeli offensive, according to the Hamas-controlled Gaza Health Ministry.

Israel's government has not described what a rescue mission could look like. In a televised address late Saturday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu acknowledged the agony of captives' families and promised their release was an "integral" part of Israel's war effort, on par with its goal of destroying Hamas.

Hamas political leaders are in negotiations with mediators Egypt and Qatar to secure the freedom of at least some trapped Israeli civilians. Four captives have have been released so far.

Anxiety over Hamas' captives reached a fever pitch Saturday, as Israel intensified its air campaign and sent troops into Gaza with heavy firepower. Crowds protested outside Israel's Defense Ministry in Tel Aviv, demanding that Netanyahu and other officials address the fate of their loved ones.

It worked. Netanyahu met with the families Saturday and vowed to "exercise and exhaust every possibility to bring them home." Defense Minister Yoav Gallant promised to meet them Sunday for what his office described as the first official meeting with them.

"We are not waiting any longer," said protester Malki Shem-Tov, whose 21-year-old son, Omer, is being held captive in Gaza. "We want all of them back with us today. We want you, the Cabinet, the government, to imagine that these are your children."

The plight of the captives has captured the Israelis' attention for the past three weeks. Israeli media are filled with stories about the captives and interviews with their families.

But all of the military's options carry enormous risks. A military invasion raises the prospect of intractable warfare in densely populated cities and subterranean tunnels that could suck young soldiers into a monthslong quagmire.

With the captives believed to be hidden in Hamas' sprawling tunnel network, heavy fighting raises the prospect of unmitigated chaos for soldiers and captives alike.

Late on Friday as the Israeli military struck Gaza by air, land and sea with a ferocity never seen before, families of captives were on edge, acutely aware of the dangers facing their loved ones.

"It was a long and sleepless night," said Liat Bell Sommer, a spokesperson for the families who she said suffered from "absolute uncertainty regarding the fate of the captives held there, who were also subject to the heavy bombings."

The bombardment seemed to send a message to Hamas — if the group thought it could avoid a devastating ground invasion because of the captives in Gaza, it was wrong.

Balancing the families' interests with the military goal of destroying Hamas has presented a dilemma for Netanyahu, who is already under fire for his government's failure to prevent the worst attack in Israeli history and to swiftly come to people's aid that day.

Amos Yadlin, a retired general and former head of Israel's military intelligence, said the government's challenge was to satisfy the immense public pressure both to return the captives safely and wipe out Hamas. He insisted the two goals could be reconciled if the government finds the "right strategy."

"Both should be handled simultaneously and should support each other," Yadlin said, without elaborating.

But many experts believe the best strategy to save captives remains diplomacy.

Hamas on Saturday offered Israel an exchange — the release of all captives in Gaza for all Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. The plight of the prisoners is deeply emotional for Palestinians, who see the prisoners as freedom fighters.

Israel has a long history of agreeing to lopsided prisoner swaps. In 2011, it freed over 1,000 prisoners in exchange for Gilad Schalit, a soldier who was kidnapped and dragged across the border into Gaza. Many of those prisoners, including Hamas' top leader in Gaza, Yehia Sinwar, had been convicted in the killings of Israelis.

"If the enemy wants to end this case at once, we are ready for that," said Abu Obeida, the spokesman for Hamas' armed wing.

Israeli military spokesperson Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari was evasive. He said Hamas was engaged in the "cynical exploitation" of the anxieties gripping the Israeli public.

But families who saw four women released to Israel last week following complex hostage diplomacy said they weren't convinced that the Israeli government had their best interests in mind.

"They feel like they're left behind and no one is really caring about them," said Miki Haimovitz, a former lawmaker who spoke on behalf of the captive' families at Saturday's protest. "No one is explaining what's going on."