Tensions as Myanmar Embarks on First Census in 30 Years
Tens of thousands of census-takers fanned out across Myanmar on Sunday to gather data for a rare snapshot of the former junta-ruled nation that is already stoking sectarian tensions.
Groups of school teachers and local officials began the 12-day population survey -- the first since 1983 -- traveling from house to house in an ambitious drive aimed at counting everyone across the poverty-stricken nation.
But the census was called into question even before it started in Rakhine state, the site of deadly religious conflict.
Myanmar has announced that Muslims will be unable to register their ethnicity as "Rohingya" in a move aimed at mollifying angry Rakhine Buddhists who fear any official recognition for the stateless minority could herald a move towards political rights.
Buddhist nationalists were seen traveling through state capital Sittwe on Sunday, proclaiming by loud hailer that their planned boycott of the survey had been called off after they received written assurances that the term Rohingya was "illegal."
But Muslims in the bleak displacement camps on the outskirts of Sittwe, many made homeless in two waves of bloodshed in 2012, expressed determination to defy the government's edict to register as "Bengali" -- a term used by the authorities, who view most Rohingya as illegal immigrants from neighboring Bangladesh.
"I was born here and my parents were also born here. I was born a Myanmar national. For me, I will not register as 'Bengali', I will register as 'Rohingya'," Hla Myint, 58, told Agence France Presse.
Foreign aid workers fled Rakhine after Buddhist mobs attacked their offices as tensions escalated in the run-up to the census.
An 11-year-old girl was killed by a stray bullet after police fired warning shots to disperse angry crowds in Sittwe.
Humanitarian workers in the region have come under increasing pressure from Buddhist nationalists who accuse them of bias in favor of local Muslims.
With tensions running high, the British Embassy in Yangon issued a statement registering its "concern" that the option on the census form for respondents "to self-identify... may not be met."
"It is important that the government put in place the conditions to allow everyone to participate in this nationwide census in a fair manner and free from intimidation," the statement added.
Backed by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the census is aimed at plugging an information deficit in the former military dictatorship.
Critics, who have called for the exercise to be postponed, accuse the organizers of focusing on the technical aspects of the survey and neglecting political concerns.
Myanmar is roughly the size of France with many people living in remote jungles and mountains with barely any infrastructure.
Minority groups make up some 30 percent of the estimated 55 to 60 million population.
This plurality has long been a source of conflict, with the former junta using the many civil conflicts that sprang up at the end of British colonial rule in 1948 as a pretext for their hardline rule.
Several minority groups have expressed misgivings about the use of a controversial list of 135 official ethnicities in the census, fearing it could be used for political purposes.
There are doubts whether Kachin rebels fighting the military in the far north will allow enumerators into their territory.
Many locals, long subject to repressive policies under authoritarian rule, have also expressed suspicion of the move to collect a wide variety of household information -- including questions on movement and economic activity.
But the survey-taking appeared to get off to a smooth start in some areas on Sunday, with teams of counters in white t-shirts visiting homes in the outskirts of the commercial hub Yangon.
"They are asking the right questions and I gave them a true answer. It's good because there will be exact information about who is who and where they live," Tin Shwe, 48, told AFP after completing the questionnaire.
Source: Agence France Presse
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